a prominent part in the anti-slavery movement, as well as Lewis and
Arthur Tappan, the influential businessmen-philanthropists of New
York.

Anti-slavery sentiment now increased in different parts of the
country and voices were raised in favor of forming a national anti-
slavery organization upon the principles of immediate, unconditional
emancipation. The publication in 1833 of Whittier's pamphlet, "Jus-
tice and Expediency" and of Lydia Maria Child's Appeal, further
stirred public opinion and gained new converts. So did the persecution
of Prudence Crandall by leading public officials of the State of Con-
necticut for seeking to educate Negro girls in her school in Canter-
bury, Connecticut. At this time, too, there emerged in New York
City a group of anti-slavery men of ability and vision who began to
agitate for the formation of anti-slavery societies in New York City
and nationally. These included, along with the Tappans, William
Goodell, an editor of the Genius of Temperance and later of the
Emancipator, established in 1833; Isaac T. Hopper, a radical Quaker
of Philadelphia who had moved to New York, and who had been
helping escaped slaves and free Negroes for many years; Joshua
Leavitt, editor of the Evangelist and subsequently of the Emancipator;
and William Jay, author and reformer, the son of Chief Justice John
Jay. These took the lead in forming a New York anti-slavery society
in October 1833.

On October 29, 1833, a month after Garrison's return from Eng-
land, where he had spent several months securing the support of
English Abolitionists for the American anti-slavery movement and
their condemnation of the American Colonization Society, a call for
a national convention was issued. According to varying estimates,
between 50 and 60 delegates, among whom were several Negroes, met
in Philadelphia on three days in early December. Beriah Green, then
president of Oneida Institute, acted as president, with Lewis Tappan
and Whittier as secretaries. Garrison, May and Whittier were chosen
to draw up a declaration of principles. Asked by the other two to
write a draft, Garrison wrote through the night at the home of his
host, Frederick A. Hinton ⁴ -- a Negro Abolitionist of Philadelphia and

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