FRONTISPIECE Pictured in Korea in 1953, a black U.S. marine leads a machine gun squad
of Company D, 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines, toward the front lines. By the time of the
Korean conflict, the armed forces had become completely desegregated.

ON THE COVER Infantry men of the U.S. Army on the march in Korea during a 1951
offensive.

Chelsea House Publishers
Editorial Director Richard Rennert
Executive Managing Editor Karyn Gullen Browne
Copy Chief Robin James
Picture Editor Adrian G. Allen
Creative Director Robert Mitchell
Art Director Joan Ferrigno
Production Manager Sallye Scott

Milestones in Black American History
Senior Editor Marian W. Taylor
Series Originator and Adviser Benjamin I. Cohen
Series Consultants Clayborne Carson, Darlene Clark Hine

Staff for THE TURNING TIDE
Editorial Assistants Sydra Mallery, Annie McDonnell
Designer Cambraia Magalhães
Picture Researcher Lisa Kirchner

Copyright © 1995 by Chelsea House Publishers, a division of Main Line Book Co.
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America.

First Printing

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Dornfeld, Margaret.
The turning tide, 1948-1956: from the desegregation of the armed forces to the
Montgomery bus boycott/ Margaret Dornfeld.
p. cm. — ( Milestones in Black American history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7910-2256-0.
ISBN 0-7910-2681-7 (pbk.)

1. Afro-Americans—History— 1877-1964. 2. Afro-American—Civil rights. 3. Civil
rights movements— United States—History— 20th century. 4. United States—Race
relations. I. Title. II. Series.

E185.615.D654 1995

94-48331

973'.0496073—dc20

CIP

AC