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CHAPTER XI
THE TREATY OF BERLIN AND ITS RESULTS

The one fatal blunder in the Treaty of Paris was that it provided no
effectual guarantee for better government on the part of the Porte . . .
Turkey has been let alone for twenty years, and the result is the disastrous
collapse which provoked the war. Our Government would therefore be
acting reasonably if it recognised that for the future this laissez-faire
policy with respect to Turkey must be abandoned. It will not be enough
to establish an independent Bulgaria north of the Balkans and a semi-
independent Bulgaria south of them, to maintain Turkish communications
with the west of the peninsula and to obviate the entire predominance of
Russia in Armenia. If nothing else is done, the difficulty will inevitably
recur in another twenty years or perhaps in another five or ten. Nothing
can solve the Eastern question permanently except some such arrange-
ment as will ensure good government within the Turkish dominions and
at the same time . . . confine the advance of Russia within certain definite
limits.

The Times, 27 June 1878

A weak and decaying Empire must of necessity sooner or later fall under
the influence, if not under the military control, of a strong and adjacent
Power. No diplomacy and no treaties can avert the operation of a law of
nature of this kind.

The Times, 10 August 1878


A SUMMARY AND A CRITICISM
The settlement reached at Berlin, though comprising sixty-four
clauses, falls under nine very clearly defined headings.
The "Big Bulgaria" of San Stefano is partitioned into three--
the new autonomous Principality of Bulgaria, with a Christian Gov-
ernment and a national militia (i.), the semi-autonomous province of
Eastern Roumelia, with a Christian Governor-General, but "under
the direct political and military authority of the Sultan" (xiii.), and
those wide Slav and Greek districts in Macedonia and Thrace which
are restored to unrestricted Turkish rule. In the first of these, the
Prince is to be freely elected and "confirmed by the Porte, with the
assent of the Powers"--no member of the reigning dynasties of the
Great Powers being eligible: and before, not after, his election an
assembly of notables is to meet at Tirnovo, to draft a new Règlement
Organique
(iii. and iv.). 1 For the first nine months, but not longer,
____________________
1 A word of good omen in the Balkans, originally applied to the first modern
constitution of the Roumanians, granted under the Russian occupation of 1828-34.

-460-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Disraeli, Gladstone and the Eastern Question. Contributors: R. W. Seton-Watson - author. Publisher: Frank Cass. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1962. Page Number: 460.
    
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