mind." The leader must either accept the mind of the child as given or, in
the manner of a determined educator, try to remold that mind. As detailed
in The Unschooled Mind, the task of guiding individuals beyond the purview
of a preschool child's mind is formidable.

Although I was unaware of it, the distinct lines of study I was pursuing
almost simultaneously in Creating Minds and in The Unschooled Mind were
destined to come together in Leading Minds. The book has an even lengthier
implicit history, however. Ever since childhood, I have been fascinated with
politics and history; I have devoured newspapers and news magazines and
compulsively tuned in to broadcast news. The decision to write about lead-
ership has enabled me to exploit my passions as a history and news junkie.
In that subterranean sense, I have been working on this book for several
decades.

One additional impetus propels this book. Despite a rapidly changing
world, leadership remains crucially important in institutions ranging from
schools to nations. Much of what is beneficent in the world has been inspired
by farsighted leaders, even as many of the horrors of the world have been
wrought by leaders who, while perhaps equally gifted, have used their pow-
ers destructively. I believe that my study can help explain what leadership
entails, from a psychological perspective, and why skilled, constructive lead-
ership has not proved easy to come by in the closing years of the twentieth
century. My final pages contain suggestions about how effective leadership
might be fostered in the future.

I am grateful to Judith Addington and to James McGregor Burns for the
original suggestion that I write about leadership. I wish also to thank the
administrations of the Rockefeller Foundation Conference Center at
Bellagio and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at
Stanford, two idyllic sites where I was able to work, undisturbed, on succes-
sive drafts of this book. My work at the center was supported by grants from
the Bauman Foundation, the MacArthur Foundation, and the Spencer
Foundation. For their useful comments and suggestions I am indebted to
many other individuals, including Rudolf Arnheim, Mary Catherine
Bateson, Evan Bayh, Derek Bok, Sissela Bok, Gordon Brown, Jerome
Bruner, Alfred Chandler, Sudhir Chandra, Ernesto Cortes, Vincent
Crapanzano, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, John Dreibelbis, Neil Fligstein, Betty
Friedan, John Gardner, Stephen Gessner, Peter Goldmark, Gerald Graff,
Douglas Hague, Ronald Heifetz, Gerald Holton, Nina Holton, David
Kipper, George Klein, Tanya Luhrmann, Geoff Mulghan, Nina Murray,
Morris Offit, David Riesman, Felix Rohatyn, Milton Rosenberg, Henry
Rosovsky, Albert Shanker, Hari Dev Sharma, Neil Smelser, John
Stoessinger, Anthony Storr, Robert Sutton, Shirley Williams, and Harry
Woolf. My friends Tom Carothers, Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Bill Damon,

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