It is impossible to write and engage in scholarly pursuits without the
aid, encouragement, and advice of innumerable colleagues, friends, and
family.

I extend my heartfelt appreciation to Lita L. Schwartz for her criti-
cal appraisals and for her lively insights into psychology. Claire Hirshfield
also contributed significant editorial comment and advice. Translations
were graciously provided by Mr. Vincent Virgulti. Mrs. Margaret Taylor
aided in the typing and Dr. Tom Warms and Terrie Smith aided in the final
preparation of the manuscript.

I owe a special debt of gratitude to all the unnamed and unknown
staffs of the various archives and libraries that I visited. They included the
Archives Nationales and the Bibliotheque Nationale ( Paris), British Museum
and Public Record Office ( London), the Central Zionist Archives, and Ecce
Homo ( Jerusalem), the Library of Congress, the New York Public Library,
Leo Baecke Institute, Widener Library ( Harvard) and the Van Pelt Library
( University of Pennsylvania) as well as others. I am especially thankful for
the efforts of the personnel of the library of the Ogontz Campus, Penn
State University, especially Mrs. Dita Schmidt, Hazel McCutcheon, and
Dorothy Sharpe. These gentle ladies were patient, persevering and kind.

A large part of my work was made possible by the generous financial
assistance of The Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campus
Scholarly Fund. A part of this book has been published as articles in the
journals Revue des Etudes Juives and Adolescence.

Finally, my husband Leonard provided the support, companionship
and humor essential for the completion of this work.

N. I.

Ogontz Campus
Pennsylvania State University

-v-