From the dawn of civilization on, through medieval and modern times,
copper has been the world's most versatile metal. Copper or one of its
alloys has a part in almost every phase of our industrial and everyday
life. We do not have to look very far before we encounter something of
vital importance in our work or comfort in which copper, in one form
or another, is in service.

The electrical current which lights our rooms is generated by equip-
ment in which copper has a vital part, and it is carried to us on copper
wires. Our telephone lines and cables are copper. If the house in which
we live is well constructed it may have a copper roof; at least, it will
have copper gutters, flashings, and downspouts. Our transportation
systems would be far less efficient without the use of copper and brass,
brass being an alloy of copper and zinc. Brass and copper pipe and tube
carry water into our homes and enable it to be circulated rust-free for
our convenience. Our modern mechanical refrigeration and various
forms of heating systems, including radiators, make effective use of this
metal. Copper or one of its alloys is used in the construction of locks
that keep us secure against intruders at night. Bronze, which is the
alloy of copper and tin, is used to ornament the important buildings that
hold our art treasures or from which are conducted the affairs of the
Government.

Since the earliest recollection of man, copper, brass, and bronze have
had a part in our scheme of life; but it has been only within recent years
that their field has been broadened to embrace almost every phase of
our existence. New developments are under way in this ever-progressive
industry that will further extend the field. Additional uses of copper
will come through the discovery of new copper alloys and the perfection
of further applications, particularly in the sphere of building construc-
tion.

In a sense, copper has had a part as great as, if not greater than, any
other commodity in determining the status of our present independence
and well-being. It has determined the outcome of wars. It has been
said that the nation that goes to war without an adequate supply of
copper, for use in munitions and the maintenance of quick communica-

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