| | shall see, dualism attempts to answer the charge by insisting that God is without limits even while trying to preserve some sense of God's otherness from the world with which God is in some kind of primordial as well as ongoing relation. Pluralism attempts to answer the charge by observing that even dualism ultimately falls into some of the monist's logic, thereby qualifying in a seriously damaging way what it wants to say about God as a being in rela- tion to the world. Pluralism, in the mode of conceiving God as a personal Agent, then goes on to argue that only if God is in literal relationship with other beings can God be together bound with them and be the agent of their creation, redemption, and renewal. Notes | 1. | Grace Jantzen, "'Where Two Are to Become One': Mysticism and Monism," in Godfrey Vesey, ed., The Philosophy in Christianity, Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series no. 25, supplement to Philosophy, 1989 ( Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 147-66. | | | | | 2. | Jantzen even suggests that the 'pervasive self-deception' of so many interpreters of mysticism as monism in Christianity may well be due to their desire to utilize the sexual imagery of much mystical literature in order to devalue the feminine. Because they read the sexual imagery as a symbol for the complete loss of the soul in God, and the feminine as a symbol for the soul, this reading reinforces the notion that maleness ul- timately triumphs over the feminine by annihilating it. | | | | | 3. | Walter T. Stace, "Subjectivity, Objectivity and the Self," in Jacob Needleman , A. K. Bierman, and James A. Gould, eds., Religion for a New Generation ( New York: Macmillan, 1977), p. 414. | | | | | 4. | Ibid., p. 415. | | | | | 5. | Ibid., p. 419. | | | | | 6. | See especially Paul Tillich, "Being and God", and "The Reality of God", in Systematic Theology ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 1:211-89; and The Courage to Be ( New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1952), pp. 155-90. | | | | | 7. | Walter T. Stace, Time and Eternity ( Princeton: Princeton Univer- sity Press, 1951), pp. 153-55. | | | | | 8. | Stace, "Subjectivity, Objectivity and the Seff," p. 420. | | | | | 9. | See especially William J. Wainwright, Mysticism: A Study of Its Nature, Cognitive Value and Moral Implications ( Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1981). | | | | -27- | |