Appendix 2 Units of Measurement The text has employed, as far as possible, the internationally accepted units of the Système International d'Unités (SI Units). Some of the source material, however, was expressed in other units and has been quoted as such. This appendix shows the connections and lists the standard prefixes of size. 1 Equivalents Length and volume: Mass: Force: Pressure: Energy and power: Temperature: Radioactivity: Radiation-Dose and dose equivalent: The effective dose in sievert is the physical dose in gray multiplied by modifying factors, the most important of which is the quality factor expressing the relative biological effectiveness compared to gamma radiation (see Appendix 1). 2 Prefix scale factors in the SI canon Symbols in powers of ten, i.e. 18 means 1018, -18 means 10−18: exa | E | 18 | atto | a | −18 | peta | P | 15 | femto | f | −15 | tera | T | 12 | pico | P | −12 | giga | G | 9 | nano | n | −9 | mega | M | 6 | micro | µ | −6 | kilo | k | 3 | milli | m | −3 | hecto | h | 2 | centi | c | −2 | deca | da | 1 | deci | d | −1 | Reference | | Foo-Sun Lau, A Dictionary of Nuclear Power and Waste Management, Research Studies Press (Wiley), 1987. | | | | -104- |