CHAPTER FIVE EPIC OF THE SEAL FISHERY The rise of the Seal Fishery in the second half of the eighteenth century was in every respect favourable to the Island's economy. | I. | Every whit as much as codfishing it bred hardy seamen: and eventually even more so. For whereas in codfishing the sequence was from overseas adventure to in-shore fishing, in sealing it was from land nets to sea-going vessels, which, being built to contend with ice, extended the codfishery on the Labrador. | | II. | It relieved the economy from dangerous dependence on a single export "crop." | | III. | In its time-table it was complementary to the fishery--sealing in the early spring, followed by fishing later in the year. | | IV. | Owing to the early start and all the preparations therefor it required a resident population. In the seventy years from 1760 to 1830 that population rose, say, from 10,000 to 70,000: and in the same period the seal catch rose from a trifle to the half million mark in 1830. | | V. | It yielded products in keen demand in the home market--seal skins and seal oil. | The seal skins were not of the soft fur type of which our grand- mother's seal-skin jackets were made. They were hair seal of the hard type and serviceable for footwear and upholstery. To-day they are in common use for the lining of chairs and office tables. The great use of seal oil was as an illiminant. It was also used as an ingredient of paint and for softening of textiles. To-day it is a constituent of margarine. In the Poole Customs Records there are numerous references to seal skins and seal oil, seal skins being frequently grouped with other furs. Thus December 1, 1760, "S. Coward, Master of the Sally of this port, reported from Newfoundland, whose cargo consists of train oil ['train' because 'trained' or 'drawn' out of the whale or seal as the case might be], fish, furs and seal skins. She is a new sloop built in Newfoundland and never in England before." -56- |