Thanks are due to my brother Osman Samli who took time off from his busy schedule and spent literally hundreds of hours with me in the streets of Istanbul interviewing numerous small and large businesses to provide me with the appropriate practical background about technology transfer in Third World countries.

My friend and colleague, M. Joseph Sirgy, contributed not only directly to this book, but also indirectly by always being there to react to my way of thinking. My wife Jane and my children Ayla, Evan, Susan, and Gena were patient and understanding.

My students in my graduate course in international marketing, presented at the University of Hawaii in conjunction with the total offerings of the Pacific Asian Management Institute ( PAMI), were very perceptive and helped me immeasurably to clarify my ideas and concepts.

To these people and many others whose names are not mentioned go my deep gratitude. Needless to say I am solely responsible for the organization and contents of this book. I fully agree and support the ideas and positions taken by all the contributors in this book.

-xiv-