| | mental conservation and economic activities are substantially intertwined; and that without global collaboration a healthy, sustainable biosphere is not possible. Looking back on the historical development of the environmental move- ment during the twentieth century, it is apparent that the world has partially shifted itself in a new direction. That is not to say that a Chernobyl-like acci- dent could never reoccur, that people will never be exposed to a cancer- causing substance, that no species of wildlife will ever become extinct, that any natural environment will never be exploited, or that global climate change will not occur. There is a great deal of work yet to be done on these and many other environmental concerns. As the needs and goals of the global community change in the twenty-first century, new environmental issues no doubt will emerge to be reckoned with, and new environmentalists and organizations will arise to meet those challenges. NOTES | 1. | Norman J. Vig and Michael E. Kraft, Environmental Policy in the 1990s ( Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1994), 73. | | | | | 2. | Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Poli- tics in the United States, 1955-1985 ( New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 5. | | | | | 3. | City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey, 437 US 617, p. 628 ( 1978). | | | | | 4. | Duke Power v. Carolina Environmental Study Group, Inc., 438 US 59 ( 1978). | | | | | 5. | Missouri v. Holland, 252 US 416 ( 1920). | | | | | 6. | Jacqueline V. Switzer, Environmental Politics: Domestic and Global Di- mensions ( New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994), 14. | | | | | 7. | Charles H. Southwick, "Environmental Impacts of Early Societies and the Rise of Agriculture," in C. H. Southwick, ed., Global Ecology ( New York: Ox- ford University Press, 1996), 209. | | | | | 8. | 1989 G7 Paris Economic Summit, Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents ( July 16, 1989), 1105. | | | | | 9. | Robert W. Hahn and Kenneth Richards, "The Internationalization of En- vironmental Regulation," Harvard Journal of International Law 30 ( 1989): 421-46. | | | | | 10. | Richard Sandbrook, "Towards a Global Environmental Strategy," in C. C. Clark , ed., Environmental Policies ( Dover, NH: Croom Helm, 1986), 302. | | | | -24- | |