scholarly life during the period in which research for this book was
being undertaken. All who have used Bodley's upper reading room in
recent years will know how much is owed to Helen Rogers, Vera
Ryhajlo, Tina King, and their colleagues, for unfailing calmness and
good humour in trying circumstances.

This book has been researched and written during vacations and
routine sabbaticals, and during one crucial additional term of almost
complete release from teaching which was provided by Oxford
University's special-lecturership scheme. Even these windows of
research opportunity would have been less liberating had I not been
able to depend in New College on a politics colleague as unselfish and
efficient as Elizabeth Frazer. I also salute our bursar, David Palfrey-
man, for finding the resources for a modest but invaluable increase in
our research allowance, despite having to wield his axe on some of our
other benefits.

My deepest debt is again to Deborah Ceadel, who has criticized
successive drafts with a winning mixture of clarity and charity. Our
children have occasionally peered at my text on the computer screen
and offered help, almost always with the delete button; but as products
of the Thatcher years they have found it hard to understand why their
father has spent so much time on a project undertaken for love not
money. In accordance with the seniority system which obviates so many
invidious decisions in Oxford and elsewhere, Jack is the recipient of
this dedication. I hope that Jemima and Dickon will receive theirs in
due course.

The notes give each item a full reference at its first mention, except
for the omission of the place of publication where it is London. I have
modernized the Quaker dating system but not the spelling and
punctuation of early texts. The Appendix lists the leading members of
the peace movement from the formation of the first peace association
until the Crimean War.

M.C.

New College, Oxford
April 1995

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