possibility for capitalist development (given the social structure,
available leadership and the economic conditions). In under-
standing why there might be room for capitalist development in
Chile, Brazil and Mexico, socialist scholars have not made
significant contributions. Guerrillas in Venezuela themselves admit
they are at least a decade from taking power.

I see some hope in Mr. O'Brien's statement that the way in
which Communism is contained has become the principal gener-
ator of Communism. U.S. actions in Bolivia and Guatemala
contributed to the Cuban revolution. U.S. intervention in the
Dominican Republic destroyed any remaining illusions about the
Alliance for Progress.

Mr. O'Brien describes imperialism as the control of the
resources and people of the non-white world by Western whites.
This description has severe limitations when applied to Latin
America. Racial discrimination was abolished in Cuba by a white
revolutionary leadership. Chile and Uruguay are no less subject to
U.S. imperialism because they happen to be mostly white. Even in
Africa, it was the white revolutionary leadership in Algeria that
convinced Malcolm X of the limitations of making a fetish of
black nationalism. To the extent that Indians in Peru do identify
their exploiters as light-skinned, it provides an almost unbridgeable
chasm between them and the middle class radicals which is only
now being broken down.

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