The literature analyzing conceptual approaches to global resource issues is
indeed voluminous. The most important works include Ruth Arad and
others, eds., Sharing Global Resources ( New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979);
Richard Barnet, The Lean Years: Politics in the Age of Scarcity ( New York:
Simon and Schuster, 1980); Lester R. Brown and others, eds., State of the
World 1987 ( New York: W. W. Norton, 1987); Emery N. Castle and Kent A. Price
, eds., U.S. Interests and Global Natural Resources: Energy, Minerals,
Food ( Washington, D.C.: Resources for the Future, 1983); Kenneth A. Dahlberg
and others, Environment and the Global Arena ( Durham, N.C.:
Duke University Press, 1985); Ted Robert Gurr, "On the Political Con-
sequences of Scarcity and Economic Decline," International Studies Quart-
erly, 29 ( March 1985), 51-75; John Kincaid, "Of Time, Body, and Scarcity:
Policy Options and Theoretic Considerations," International Political Science
Review, 4 ( 1983), 401-16; William Ophuls, Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity
( San Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1977); Dennis Pirages, Global Ecopolitics
(North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1978); and Julian L. Simon, The
Ultimate Resource ( Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981). Of
these, only Simon takes a highly skeptical stance about the severity of global
resource scarcity.

A far smaller number of works deals specifically with conflict over the
world's resources. The most important are Nazli Choucri and Robert C. North
, Nations in Conflict: National Growth and International Violence ( San
Francisco: W. H. Freeman, 1975); Philip Connelly and Robert Perlman,
The Politics of Scarcity: Resource Conflicts in International Relations ( London:
Oxford University Press, 1975); Johan Galtung, Environment, Developmentand Military Activity

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