if we are to give meaning to existing theories and formulate
new ones, the experiences of political parties in non-Western
societies should be examined.

There is another reason for undertaking such a study. The
record of the Kuomintang in attempting to organize itself, to
capture power, and to reconstruct China has contemporary
significance. Certainly the failure of the party movements and
democratic governments in Burma, Pakistan, and other newly
emerging nations has much in common with the Chinese ex-
perience. Furthermore, the Kuomintang's concept of "political
tutelage" and the idea of "guided democracy" practiced in
many of the new nations express a common thought. Indeed,
to a degree, the Chinese experience is being repeated in the
Afro-Asian world. The Chinese record, therefore, can help to
explain the developments in the new nations.

I should like to express my sincere thanks to those who made
this study possible. I wish to thank Robert A. Scalapino, Joseph
R. Levenson, and Conrad Brandt for their advice and criticism.
I am especially indebted to Professor Scalapino, who first sug-
gested that I undertake this study and who has seen the study
through its various stages. I am also deeply grateful to him for
writing the Foreword. Thanks are due to Dr. Leo Rose for
reading an earlier draft of the manuscript. My sincere thanks
go to my former senior colleague at the University of North
Carolina, Frederic N. Cleaveland, whose assistance was very
much appreciated.

The East Asiatic Library, the Interlibrary Borrowing Service,
and the Newspaper Room of the University of California Li-
brary, Berkeley have greatly aided me in my search for mate-
rials. I am indebted to the Chinese Collection at the Hoover
Institution, Stanford University. I would like to acknowledge
the financial assistance received from the University Research
Council of the Graduate School and the Institute for Research
in Social Science of the University of North Carolina. Finally,
I am grateful to my wife, Priscilla, who has helped and sustained
me throughout the writing of this book.

Urbana, Illinois GEORGE T. YU

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