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University of Chicago and should be available in the near
future.
"The Creation of the Pickax" (pages 53 - 54 ). This
mythological hymn glorifying the all-utility pickax that at
least some Sumerians deemed more valuable than the plow
is still difficult and obscure. Of the long passage cited on
page 52, only the first five lines are reasonably clear, the
remainder is full of ambiguities and obscurities that have still
not been satisfactorily cleared up. 17
"Cattle and Grain." For this mythological disputation
there are now available close to sixty tablets and fragments,
almost three times as many as when Sumerian Mythology was
published. As a result the important "creation" passages
with which the composition begins need considerable revision;
the corrected version will be found cited in full below in
connection with the discussion of the creation of man. Because
we now have the full text of the end of the poem we also
learn that Lahar is a female deity and the sister of Ashnan,
who not unexpectedly was declared the victor over Lahar
by Enlil and Enki, the gods who settled their dispute.
Finally in the passage cited on pages 53-54, a number of
minor corrections are now possible, thus: the creation chamber
is called Duku (not Dulkug) ; the last line on page 53 should
read: "Plants, herbs, the wide (-growing) they presented to
her"; the last word in the first line on page 54 should be
"field" (not "house") ; the second word in the fourth line
should be changed to "shepherdess"; the last word in the
fifth line should be changed to "furrows."
"Enki and Ninhursag: The Affairs of the Water-god"
(pages 54-58). A definitive edition of this myth has since
been published in Supplementary Studies No. 1 of the Bulletin
of the American Schools of Oriental Research ( New Haven,
1945) ; a somewhat improved translation will be found in
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
( James B. Pritchard, ed., Princeton University Press, 1950
and 1955). Since then a very fragmentary duplicate of the
text has become available; cf. the "Introduction to Gadd andKramer"

-xviii-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C. Contributors: Samuel Noah Kramer - author. Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press. Place of Publication: Philadelphia. Publication Year: 1972. Page Number: xviii.
    
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