common features of industrializing work forces everywhere; the struggle
among employers and political and military leaders to capture or control
the organization of workers is dramatically outlined in the experience of
Brazil under Vargas and Argentina during Perón; the influence of economic
limitations, including the international balance of payments, on an industrial
relations system is well illustrated in these countries. But these general
themes should not be allowed to obscure the rich detail and variations among
the countries, which are carefully portrayed.

This type of study is vital to discussions of private and public policy
making in the United States concerned with our relations to Latin America.
Far too frequently our labor unions and businesses, and our governmental
representatives too, have tried to export "free trade unions" and "private
enterprise." These large labels have not sold very well, nor are they likely
to be more acceptable in the future. However, there are some features of
our labor organizations--such as concern with plant level grievances, the
education of labor leaders, and welfare activities--which may be of genuine
interest in modified form in a Latin American context. Similarly, there are
some aspects of our organization of business--such as the emergence of pro-
fessional managers, the importance of management education in university
programs, the personnel staff, and the limits to bureaucratic government
and the significance of the market--which may be adapted to Latin Amer-
ican experience and problems. Professor Alexander's volume should help
us to understand that the attempt to transplant wholesale our cherished
institutions is futile, but that some of our labor-management-government
arrangements may be assimilated and adapted in other countries embarking
on the road to industrialism.

Professor Alexander brings to this volume fifteen years of interest and
experience in Latin American labor-management-government relations. He
has traveled widely and written extensively in this area. This volume re-
flects not only extensive study of documents and the literature, but a period
of intensive interviews for this volume in each of the three countries with
local and foreign managers, labor leaders, government representatives, and
those in political and academic circles.

This study is part of the Inter-University Study of Labor Problems in
Economic Development. ¹

AUGUST, 1961 JOHN T. DUNLOP

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