of the Missouri River, the Engelmann family at Belleville,
Illinois, and the imposing figure of old Hecker, military
leader of the German Revolution in Baden, veteran of the
Civil War, and gentleman farmer. Some of these excep-
tional men became noted in the history of American farm-
ing for their cultivation of specialties. Such was Pfeffer,
of Wisconsin, who is famous in the history of American
horticulture for the growth of an apple, which he has called
the "Pewaukee apple." Another Wisconsin forty-eighter,
Lewis, became widely known as a pig-man, his breeds be-
coming famous throughout the country. ¹. Within the past
years a large number of German agriculturists have come
to the United States for the purpose of studying Ameri-
can conditions. They generally found that in scientific
agriculture they had little to learn from America, in spite of
her enormous crops. Under far less favorable conditions
the German farmer in his own country has been forced to
call into requisition the maximum of skill, industry, and
thorough study of conditions. Nevertheless the German
agricultural investigator confessedly finds something to
reward him for his travels in the United States. One Ameri-
can feature is fruit-growing on a large scale, i. e., by the
acre, and another the use of agricultural machinery. ². Both
of these American features are due to special conditions
which the farmer in this country had to contend with and
meet, the first being a great demand for fruit by the Ameri-
can people, and the second a device absolutely necessary
for saving labor on the farm. It will be found in the
succeeding paragraphs that the German farmer has con-

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