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Notes

Prologue
1. These are generally the DSM-III or DSM-III-R criteria, or they may be criteria
derived from the diagnostic interview for borderline patients. See Gunderson, Kolb,
& Austin ( 1981).
2. See Abend, Porder, & Willick ( 1983); Waldinger & Gunderson ( 1987), in
which one out of every five case study examples was male and no mention was made
of gender issues; and Kroll ( 1988), in which seventeen women were used as case ex-
amples, as against five men.
3. Quoted in Ussher ( 1992, p. 13).
4. See Nolen-Hoeksema ( 1990) for a comprehensive discussion of these differ-
ences.
5. In a random sample of 2,500 patients in the Michigan public mental health
system, Mowbray, Herman, & Hazel ( 1992) did a cluster analysis and found women
overrepresented in the Suicidal/Aggressive and the Demoralized/Depressed clusters,
whereas men were overrepresented in the clusters of Mentally Ill Substance Abuser
and Psychotic.
6. Another proposed category, "Late Luteal Phase Dysphoric Disorder," which is
not a personality disorder, can only occur in the female population. It would seem,
by the DSM-III-R's definition, to be premenstrual syndrome writ large as mental ill-
ness.
7. Separation and divorce rates were also lower in the BPD group than in the
larger community.

Chapter One
1. I refer throughout this section to chapter 3 of Ussher ( 1992) as well as to John
Demos's book-length study of witchcraft in New England ( Demos, 1982). See these
works also for a more complete discussion of witchcraft and its modern inter-
pretations.

-161-

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Publication Information: Book Title: Through the Looking Glass: Women and Borderline Personality Disorder. Contributors: Dana Becker - author. Publisher: Westview Press. Place of Publication: Boulder, CO. Publication Year: 1997. Page Number: 161.
    
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