at the University of Chicago, the University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Northwestern University, Stanford University, New York University,
the Ohio State University, the University of Minnesota, and Temple
University in the 1997-1998 academic year. The valuable feedback we
received from colleagues and audience members at these various forums
has improved the overall quality of our work, and in some cases led us
to reformulate our ideas.

We have benefited from institutional resources provided by the
departments of sociology at SUNY-Stony Brook, Indiana University,
Pennsylvania State University, and Northwestern University, as well as
the Population Research Institute at Penn State and the Institute for
Policy Research at Northwestern. Over the course of our work on this
book, we have both moved to new institutions, and we thank our
colleagues at Indiana and Northwestern for their support during and
after these moves. At Northwestern, Robert Nelson kindly loaned
Manza his office and otherwise eased the transition during a particu-
larly intense writing phase. On the personal front, we are grateful that
Amy Hafter and Ruth Kelly have been willing to put up with this
project, and our children ( Dana Hafter-Manza, Zoë Hafter-Manza,
and Amanda Brooks-Kelly) have delightfully grown up alongside it.
We thank them all for their patience and good cheer.

The Introduction and Chapters 1, 2, 8, 9, and 10 appear here for the
first time. Earlier versions of many of the analyses in Chapter 4 appeared
in the American Journal of Sociology (volume 103, 1997), Chapter 5 in
the American Journal of Sociology (volume 103, 1998), and Chapter 6 in
the American Sociological Review (volume 62, 1997), respectively,
although the text and interpretations in the chapters presented here
have been substantially expanded and rewritten. Parts of Chapters 3
and 6 appeared in Social Forces (volume 79, 1997) and the American
Sociological Review (volume 62, 1997), and Chapter 7 in the European
Sociological Review (volume 15, 1999), respectively; both the analyses
and text of those chapters have been reworked and rewritten for this
volume. We thank the editors and anonymous referees of these pub-
lications for their thoughtful comments on earlier versions of our work.

Jeff Manza
Evanston, Illinois

Clem Brooks
Bloomington, Indiana

December 1998

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