unorthodox modification of the current Ptolemaic astronomy,
which accepted only eight instead of ten moving spheres within
the motionless empyreal heaven. This view was derived directly
or indirectly from a treatise by Augustinus Ricius.

Sir Walter Greg in the Modern Language Review ( April 1946)
emphasized that throughout the play 'Spirit' means devil, and that
when the Bad Angel tells Faustus, 'Thou art a spirit; God cannot
pity thee', it is implied that through his bargain he has taken on
the infernal nature. Greg further suggested that when Helen
appears it is as a 'spirit', and that in making her his paramour
Faustus commits the sin of demonialty, bodily intercourse with
a demon.

Translations of Doctor Faustus have appeared in or about
1949 by Adolf Seebass in German, N. D'Agostino in Italian, and
A. de O. Cabral in Portuguese.

'I walked along a stream for pureness rare.' A fragment, so begin-
ning, of 24 lines in ottava rima was attributed to Marlowe by
Robert Allott in his anthology, England's Parnassus ( 1600). The
lines seemed characteristic of his poetic style, and were partly
quoted by me ( Christopher Marlowe, pp. 222-3). In The Times
Literary Supplement ( 4 Jan. 1947) John Crow showed that they
come from a rare elegy by Gervase Markham, entitled Devereux.
On 11 Jan. (ibid.) Peter Davies suggested that the source of the
stanzas by Markham was a fourth-century Latin poem by Tiberianus
, Amnis ibat inter arva, &c.