his; the murder of a noble rival, for instance, would
not be a victory over him in the characteristics in
which we are rivals; it would be a mere victory in
externals, and would probably also seal for ever our
defeat in essentials. All true emulation is this chi-
valrous rivalry, the foundation of one of the great
kinds of Honour.

6. Looking back now to the whole group of emo-
tions of comparison, four have been mentioned under
the head of comparison of Having, namely,

which produce the further passions of Envy and
Jealousy. And four have been mentioned under
the head of comparison of Being, namely,

which produce the further passion of Emulation. It
is clear that there is hardly any emotion, or indeed
any feeling whatever, which does not supply matter
for one of these comparisons; in other words, the
emotions which rest upon these comparisons refer
to or arise upon any other feelings whatever, and
pervade the whole of life. The eight heads under
which they are here exhibited cannot be anything
like a sufficient classification of the countless modi-
fications of which they must be susceptible, and in
which they appear in daily experience. But lan-
guage is a chaos out of which we must be content
if we can lay hold of and keep a stray word or two,
to serve us in fixing the footsteps of thought which
we have made good; and the eight terms here em-

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