Chapter XIII COSTS IN GENERAL UNLESS selling prices indemnify producers' costs, the goods will not get produced. This is, however, a generalization hav- ing rightly to do only with money costs, because it has to do only with money receipts. The reference is to costs from the point of view of the enterpriser-employer. It holds also that if his outlays do not afford a sufficient inducement to the payees, the individuals in the employee relation, for turning over to his control the agents of production, he must fail of attaining this control. And with the analysis pushed further stages back; if these payees in turn have to submit to money costs in providing productive agents, his payments to them must indemnify them for their costs of production, else the productive agents must ultimately cease to be forthcoming. The outlays of each employer are in turn the receipts of his employee- producers. This is not a recondite truth; what you collect from me I pay to you. It is clear, then, that this regress method of accounting for some of the enterpriser's costs is a possible way. And if somewhere in the regress line, these money costs resolve into something else than money costs, and something explanatory of them, a most significant step will have been achieved. There is in this aspect, however, nothing significant in any regress from one purely money cost to another. But no enterpriser's selling price needs at any particular time to indemnify the enterpriser for more than the immediate charges that the situation of the immediate time imposes on him. The outlay by him necessary at the time for control of any particular factor is its cost to him. It need not be an indemnity adequate to the covering of all the costs attaching to the factor in the regress aspect, but only enough to overcome the resistance at that time to his control of it -375- |