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six points are called the cardinal points. This conclusion is not restricted
to two surfaces. Because Equation 26 is identical in form to Equation 9,
one can consider two surfaces separating media of different indices of
refraction as equivalent to only one surface. This surface can be
combined mathematically with a third surface, provided the latter can
be approximated by a small section of a sphere whose center lies on the
optic axis of the first two. This argument then may be generalized to
any number N of surfaces separating media of different indices of
refraction, provided the surfaces can all be approximated by small
sections of spheres, all of which have a common line of centers. These
six cardinal points are used in Chapter 2 to describe the refraction of
light in the eye.
REFERENCES
1. Stuhhman Otto Jr., An Introduction to Biophysics ( New York: John Wiley &
Sons, Inc., 1943).
2. Ogle K. N., Optics: An Introduction for Ophthalmologists ( Springfield, Illinois:
Charles C. Thomas, 1961).
3. Glasser Otto, ed., Medical Physics ( Chicago, Illinois: Year Book Publishers,
Inc., 1944) Vol. 1.
a. Luckiesh Matthew, and F. K. Moss, "Light, Vision and Seeing,"
pp. 672-684.
b. Sheard Charles, "Optics: Ophthalmic, With Applications to Physio-
logic Optics," pp. 830-869.

For a more thorough discussion of optics at an intermediate physics level,
see:

4. Robertson J. K., Introduction to Physical Optics 2nd ed. ( New York: D. Van
Nostrand Company, Inc., 1935).

-604-

Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com

Publication Information: Book Title: Biophysical Science. Contributors: Eugene Ackerman - author. Publisher: Prentice-Hall. Place of Publication: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Publication Year: 1962. Page Number: 604.
    
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