Copyright © 2000 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photo- stat, microfilm, retrieval system, or any other means, without prior written per- mission of the publisher. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers 10 Industrial Avenue Mahwah, NJ 07430 Cover design by Kathryn Houghtaling Lacey Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kingen, Sharon. Teaching language arts in middle schools: connecting and communicating / by Sharon Kingen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8058-3055-3 (pbk: alk. paper) 1. Language arts (Middle school)--United States Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Middle school teaching--United States Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. LB1631.K493 2000 99-42074 428'.0071'2--dc21 CIP Books published by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates are printed on acid-free paper, and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -iv- |