defined. Do animals profit by experience of this kind?
If so, their action falls outside the category of habituation.
If an animal pulls a string because having done so before it
has given him pleasure, it is possible to regard his educa-
tion as the gradual growth of a random way of acting into
a habit. But if he pulls it because he has seen it pulled,
and then got the pleasant result, his act appears rather as a
practical application of what he has seen--a perceptual
relation converted into a practical adjustment. It is quite
possible that an animal should get to this point without
being capable of the slightly more complex act of applying
to himself what another does on his own account. ¹

-185-