Addams, Jane ( September 6, 1860-May 21, 1935):
Humanitarian and founder of the famous Hull House
community center in Chicago. In 1911 Addams be-
came the first leader of the National Federation of
Settlements. In January 1915 she was elected chair-
man of the U.S. Woman's Peace Party, in April 1915,
president of the International Congress of Women at
The Hague, and in 1919, the first president of the
Women's International League for Peace & Freedom.
A supporter of women's suffrage, she served as first
vice-president of the National American Woman Suf-
frage Association ( 1911-1914). Addams was promi-
nent at the International Woman Suffrage Alliance
meeting in Budapest in 1913. She was also a hard-
working supporter of the National Committee on the
Cause and Cure of War, an organization founded in
1925 by Carrie Chapman Catt. Addams (as well as
another recipient) was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
in 1931; she donated her share of the prize money to
the Women's International League. Addams wrote
many articles and books reflecting her strong views
toward social reform, including: "Ethical Survivals in
Municipal Corruption," published in the International
Journal of Ethics, April 1898; Democracy and Social Eth-
ics, a collection of lectures and articles published in
1902; The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets ( 1909);
Twenty Years at Hull House ( 1910); A New Conscience
and an Ancient Evil ( 1912); and The Second Twenty Years
at Hull House ( 1930). She also wrote Newer Ideals for
Peace ( 1907) and Peace and Bread in Time of War ( 1922),
both of which reflected her views on pacifism.

Anthony, Susan Brownell ( February 15, 1820-March
13, 1906): Principal leader in the fight for women's
suffrage. Anthony was especially interested in wom-
en's labor issues but also worked for temperance and
antislavery reform and in 1852 formed the Woman's
New York State Temperance Society. From 1854 she
organized petition drives for women's suffrage and
the expansion of the Married Woman's Property Law.
From 1856 she was William Lloyd Garrison's main
New York representative for the American Anti-Slav-
ery Society. She organized and led many reform
organizations, often in partnership with Elizabeth
Cady Stanton, including the Women's Loyal National
League, which worked toward abolition, the Ameri-
can Equal Rights Association, the Working Woman's
Association, and the National Woman Suffrage As-
sociation. Beginning in 1854, often in bitter cold, she
solicited signatures to petition New York State for an
expansion of the Married Woman's Property Law,
passed in 1860. In 1866 she handed Congress peti-
tions with thousands of signatures advocating the
enfranchisement of women. She retired from the
presidency of the National American Woman Suf-
frage Association at age 80; 20 years later the 19th
Amendment, which was named the Anthony
Amendment in her honor, allowing women to vote,
was adopted.

Avery, Rachel G. Foster ( December 30, 1858-Oc-
tober 26, 1919): Suffrage worker. Following a child-
hood spent in a household sympathetic to the cause
of woman's rights and a private school education,
Rachel Foster Avery became active at a young age in
the Citizens' Suffrage Association. After attending
the 1879 National Woman Suffrage Association con-
vention she devoted much of her energy to that
cause. She was elected in 1880 as NWSA's corre-
sponding secretary. In this capacity, she directed the
1882 suffrage campaign in Nebraska. Avery became
a close personal friend and confidante of Susan B.
Anthony, and over the years Avery assumed many
of Anthony's organizational responsibilities, includ-

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