for reading parts of the work and suggesting corrections or improvements. Professor Arthur Prior, who read the whole in typescript, gave us a great many useful comments, and we are very grateful for the generosity with which he has allowed us to profit from his wide knowledge of the history of logic. Although we have gladly accepted most of the advice we have received, we have sometimes persisted in going our own way, and none of our friends are to be held responsible for faults that remain. W. K. April 1960For the paperback edition we have corrected some small mistakes and misprints, but we have not tried to meet criticisms by re-writing any large portions of the text, and we must therefore content ourselves with the following notes.
1.
In a review of work on Theophrastus ( Mind lxxxviii ( 1979), pp. 448-50) Mrs. P. M. Huby has pointed out that it is a misinterpretation of Alexander to suppose Theophrastus applied indirect reduction to modal syllogisms and so fell into inconsistency (p. 102). Alexander's text suggests in fact that Theophrastus accepted the general principle of indirect reduction for modal syllogisms but could not see how to apply it to modal syllogisms with mixed premisses because he was still uncertain about their conclusions. This interpretation implies that he had not yet adopted the full deteriorem rule, though Alexander says explicitly in another place that it was accepted in his school.
2.
It has been convincingly argued by David Sedley ( "'Diodorus Cronus and Hellenistic Philosophy'", Proceedings of the Cambridge Philo- sophical Society, 203 ( 1977)) that there is an historical error in our chapter on the Megarians and the Stoics. There was not a single Megarian school, but the followers of Euclides formed three groups, (i) the Megarians proper, headed by Stilpo, (ii) the Eristics or followers of Eubulides, and (iii) the Dialecticians, of whom the most prominent were Diodorus and Philo. Since there is no reason to suppose the last- named were ever in Megara, the argument for 307 as the date of Diodorus' death (pp. 113-14) collapses. Similarly the title 'Philo of Megara' is a misnomer. The relation between the doctrines of these philosophers is nevertheless as described in the text.
3.
In their Multiple-Conclusion Logic of 1978 D. J. Shoesmith and T. J. Smiley have made a detailed examination of the system of development schemata expounded on pages 540-8, and have shown that some derivative rules, in particular those introducing conjunctive tautologies, cannot be proved by our methods, because these make no provision for elimination of redundant tokens in the course of a development. The new footnote on page 543 is an attempt to remedy this defect by allowing simplification at any stage according to the schema P,P/P which we used tacitly in summarizing our results on pages 544-6.
M. K.
W. K.
April 1984
-vi-
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Publication Information: Book Title: The Development of Logic. Contributors: Martha Kneale - author, William Kneale - author. Publisher: Clarendon Press. Place of Publication: Oxford. Publication Year: 1984. Page Number: vi.
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