formation and retention, upon false reactions and failures in
reactions, on the effect of lesions of the central nervous systems
in trained animals, and the resultant success that comes from
retraining them, can be utilized by the psychiatrist at once, both
in a specific way and by reason of its value in helping him to
size up his patients. Most psychiatrists will admit that when
the proper kind of psychology is developed they can utilize di-
rectly a large part of both its methods and its materials. This
appears clearly when we examine the various tests which have
been devised by psychologists for evaluating the general behavior
levels of individuals. Such tests in one or another form are in
common use in every psychiatric clinic. Topics such as "general
behavior," "stream of talk," "attitude," "orientation," "reten-
tion" of recent and past happenings, "general information," the
emotional level at which acts are carried out, are discussed in.
relation to every patient admitted to a psychiatric clinic.

Preparation for Psychology. --In dealing with the native
equipment of man, the student will find a background of study
of animal behavior a helpful one. As a further preparation for
this part of his work, he will find that he needs some equipment
in physiology and experimental zoölogy. His work in habit
formation leads him again into physiology and pharmacology for
such factors as the effect of age, drugs, chemicals and glandular
extracts upon the human organism. The consideration of habit
and instinct conflicts, abortive reactions and failures of adjust-
ment generally which we see so much emphasized in ties, sympa-
thetic chorea, hysteria, obsessions, etc., leads the psychologist into
the psychiatric clinic if he wishes to prepare himself to the full-
est extent. Business and law are making ever and ever larger
demands upon him. Some familiarity with legal and business
problems is almost essential. Finally, in order to handle ade-
quately experimental data some training in the use of statistical
methods is needed. If a start is made early enough by the student
who is preparing for psychology, he can obtain training in the
above related branches before he begins his special study of
psychology, While to-day is a day of specialists, it should not
be a day of narrow specialists.

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