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Notes

Chapter One
1 Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man ( New York:
Free Press, 1992). For the purposes of this book, "Europe" is most often used
not in its geographic, but in its political, sense. It refers to the heartland Eu-
rope of the EU and the widening sphere of states in the region that share its
democratic and market values, including Switzerland, Norway, and most of
the central European states that are candidates to join the EU.
2. This book does not address the many arguments about the nature of
globalization, but it assumes that in the computer age the phenomenon goes
far beyond the high international capital flows and trade of the pre-World
War I system of a gold standard and antagonism among still bellicist Euro-
pean nation-states. For an exploration of how globalization affects interna-
tional relations, see Jean-Marie Guehenno, Globalisation and Its Impact on
International Strategy," paper presented at the International Institute for Stra-
tegic Studies (IISS) annual conference, Oxford, September 3-6, 1998; and
Paul Krugman inaugural column for the New York Times, "Once and Again",
January 2, 2000.
3. Interview, Bonn, 1996.
4. Founding father Konrad Adenauer, in the midst of West Germany's eco-
nomic miracle, won a unique absolute majority in 1957 with the simple slo-
gan "No experiments." For four decades thereafter, as the mark rose and
kept on rising, the Christian Democrats returned to this effective electoral
appeal to the Germans' penchant for predictability.
5. See Robert Bideleux and Ian Jeffries, A History of Eastern Europe: Cri-
sis and Change ( New York: Routledge, 1998).
6. This concept appears in virtually every Kohl speech on Europe. See, for
example, "Erklärung der Bundesregierung", Kohl speech in the Bundestag,
December 12, 1996, in Bulletin no. 103, p. 1113, of the Press and Informa-
tion Service.

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Publication Information: Book Title: The Rebirth of Europe. Contributors: Elizabeth Pond - author. Publisher: Brookings Institution. Place of Publication: Washington, D.C.. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 218.
    
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