The Caddoan family is less clearly defined than either of the pre-
ceding, but evidently consisted of many small tribes grouped, and
forming confederacies. Those to be mentioned later include: (1)
The Arikara; (2) the Pawnee confederacy, composed of four tribes--
(a) Chaui or Grand Pawnee, (b) Kitkehahki or Republican Pawnee,
(c) Pitahauerat or Tapage Pawnee, (d) Skidi or Wolf Pawnee; (3)
the Wichita confederacy, including the Waco and various small
tribes; (4) the Caddo proper.

Although the latter are included in the same linguistic group
with the Arikara, Pawnee, and others as mentioned above, they are
regarded by some as constituting a distinct linguistic stock.

During the years following the close of the Revolution, the latter
part of the eighteenth century, many tribes, or rather the remnants
of tribes, then living east of the Mississippi, sought a refuge in the
West beyond the river. Many settled on the streams in the southern
part of the present State of Missouri and northern Arkansas, and as
stated by Stoddard when writing about the year 1810: "A consider-
able number of Delawares, Shawanese, and Cherokees, have built
some villages on the waters of the St. Francis and White Rivers.
Their removal into these quarters was authorized by the Spanish
government, and they have generally conducted themselves to the.
satisfaction of the whites. Some stragglers from the Creeks. Chock-
taws, and Chickasaws, who are considered as outlaws by their respec-
tive nations, have also established themselves on the same waters;
and their disorders and depredations among the white settlers are
not unfrequent." ( Stoddard, (1), pp. 210-211.) And at about the
same time another writer, referring to the same region, said: "Below

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