supported this project, and I have been influenced by his own important con-
tributions to the field of adolescent development. Gloria Primm Brown has been
a reliable advisor about interesting new developments in youth services; Avery
Russell, a consultant on communication and style; Tony Jackson, an important
source for material about middle schools; and Bernadette Michel, helpful ad-
ministrator at the Carnegie Corporation. This book, of course, represents my
own views and not necessarily those of the foundation.

I mentioned that Joan Bossert of Oxford University Press stimulated me to
write this book. She and others at Oxford have been very helpful in assisting
me through the arduous editing process, particularly William Jake Klisivitch and
Kimberly Torre-Tasso.

Much of the "nitty-gritty" labor that had to be undertaken for this book was
performed by Fonda Lifrak, my assistant and young friend. Among many other
tasks, she contacted all the programs we could identify to find out what they
did and whether they had ever been evaluated. During this process, she became
an authority on youth programming and community schools. Fonda also worked
with the photographers who contributed to this book and with Deborah Kates
to set up "shoots" for some of the pictures.

We must have communicated with thousands of people in compiling the
information presented here. Many are acknowledged in the text and the notes--
too many to acknowledge. Several other people who have been particularly help-
ful include Martin Blank, Cynthia Brown, Lynn Curtis, Paul Dryfoos, Iris Dud-
man, Kevin Dwyer, Hal Lawson, Bill Shepardson, Ruby Takanishi, Bill Treanor,
Gary Walker, Joann Weeks, and the staff of the Childrens' Aid Society and their
community schools. On a personal level, I must mention my good friends who
have encouraged me to keep going and are always willing to discuss relevant
issues: Nancy Balaban, Shirley Barrett, Jeanette Bertles, Mary Sciocia, and Judy
Seixas (and their significant others). And most of all, I am indebted to George
Dryfoos, who not only read and commented on each chapter but also made
sure our household ran smoothly and quietly while I sat upstairs at the computer
doing this work.

This book is dedicated to Rose Rodgers-Dryfoos, our latest granddaughter,
for whom Safe Passage must be assured. She, along with her wonderful sister
Amy, will be a true child of the twenty-first century, an Asian American, Jewish
Protestant, with a strong personality and a searching intellect. My greatest desire
is that she be allowed to grow up in a fine democratic society that will be
responsive to all young people.

J. D.

September 1997
Hastings-on-Hudson, New York

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