to get it. Additionally, in the parts of the Russian republic that did not want
independence, there were different nationalities and religions that were nei-
ther ethnically Russian nor Russian Orthodox. The terms russky and rossiisky
were used to define Russians: russky meant ethnically Russian, and rossiisky
simply meant part of the old Russian republic and was more inclusive.

In the early heady days of freedom, many wanted to open the door more
widely to the West, to Europe and more particularly to America: American
clothes, food, music, American everything was popular. Like English, the
Russian language has always been hospitable to new vocabulary and
American-English words flooded into Russia by the hundreds. "Kompyuter,"
"printer," "faks" (fax), "kseroks" (xerox), "menedzher" (manager), and "Pit-
stsa Hat" (Pizza Hut) became familiar to Russians, who already knew "Koka-
kola" and "Pepsi." Inevitably, there was a backlash, as those who wanted to re-
turn to their own Russian roots, rather than borrow from the West, began to
question using America as a role model. Suspicion of American motives and
questioning of American values entered the dialogue. Anti-American feeling
grew particularly intense after the NATO bombing of Russia's longtime ally
Yugoslavia. Once again, as so often in the past, Russians weighed what was
good to preserve from their own heritage with what might profitably be bor-
rowed from the West. As they entered the new century, nothing was certain.

Brown Archie, Michael Kaser, and Gerald S. Smith, eds. The Cambridge Encyclo-
pedia of Russia and the Former Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni-
versity Press, 1994.

Mackenzie David, and Michael W. Curran. A History of Russia, the Soviet Union,
and Beyond. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1998.

Riasanovsky Nicholas V. A History of Russia. New York: Oxford University Press,
1993.

Service Robert. A History of Twentieth-Century Russia. Cambridge: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 1997.

Zenkovsky Serge A., ed. Medieval Russia's Epics, Chronicles, and Tales. New York:
Dutton, 1974.

Where to begin on the Internet:

Bucknell Russian Studies Department www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian.

CIA World Factbooks. www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/rs.html

Russian Lifemagazine. www.rispubs.com/rltop10.cfm

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