place for all manner of Western goods from Kodak to Tampax, and in much
the same way, Western money and Western institutions such as Marriott
and McDonald's and Pizza Hut began to flood the city, joining the domestic
projects underway. Statues to Dostoevsky, a writer neglected under com-
munism, and to various other figures arose throughout the city. The subway
system underwent repair and expansion, although the work was threatened
by stoppages for financial reasons. The Bolshoi Theater appealed interna-
tionally for funding to repair and expand its facilities over a several-year
period.

Other areas in Russia were faced with the same problems. The Hermitage
in St. Petersburg received international assistance for its renovation, but
smaller cities faced a bleaker outlook. Many small cities see their treasured
buildings falling into disrepair through neglect or from the effects of pollu-
tion. They lack the means to repair the buildings and are searching for ways
to attract money, with tourism a key source. Some like Yaroslavl are on the
tourist route, seem well positioned to attract funding, and are taking steps
to attract visitors. Yaroslavl is reconstructing a historic part of town and is
re-creating an area like old-fashioned Russia with inns, craft workshops, and
eating houses. Other more remote areas are not so fortunate, but are explor-
ing ways to attract tourists with better hotel facilities and festivals.

Outside Moscow and St. Petersburg, Russia has several cities with the size
and resources to succeed quite well in today's world. For instance, Nizhny
Novgorod, a major city on the Volga River, has several building projects
underway. Nizhny has a tradition of architectural excellence, and today its
private workshops of architects are coming up with new creative designs for
various types of buildings, especially housing. They are drawing on contem-
porary Western design but are also turning for inspiration to the Arts and
Crafts and modernist movements of the pre-1917 period in Russia. In work-
shops like these may arise a new style of architecture that will characterize
the new era dawning in postcommunist Russia.

Brumfield William Craft. A History of Russian Architecture. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1993.

Gerhart Genevra. The Russian's World: Life and Language. New York: Holt, Rine-
hart, and Winston, 1994.

Hamilton George Heard. The Art and Architecture of Russia. New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 1983.

Russian Life magazine 7/96 for life at the dacha; 8-9/99 for Kizhi.

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