gist, (2) the number of psychologists and their growth or decline over the
years, (3) male/female ratios in the discipline, (4) the state of licensure or
certification, (5) the proportion of "science versus practice," (6) public image,
(7) major influences, (8) national emphases, and (9) future directions.

We realized from the beginning that some problems were implicit in our
approach. For instance, our viewpoint was that of psychologists from the
USA. Whatever care was taken in developing the guidelines, they were bound
to reflect our geographic and educational origins. Also, we hoped that infor-
mation on national psychologies would be as available to others as it is to us
in the USA. For some countries, that was true; for others, it was demonstrably
not. A third item of difficulty was the matter of references. Authors in the
early edition supplied the volume with long lists of references, many of them
in foreign languages and not readily available to the reader. The publisher
was reluctant to print them. Consequently, an agreement was reached to
limit the references. With that history in mind, we limited the authors in this
volume to 10 references. We soon saw the difficulty of holding to that num-
ber for the chapter on the United States. On the other hand, some authors
chose to list fewer than 10 references.

Despite the difficulties, we are proud that we are able to present 45 coun-
tries from six continents in this volume. For that, we owe the greatest thanks
to the 55 authors who contributed. This work would have been impossible
without their generous and thoughtful participation.

There is a host of others to whom we also owe thanks. Richard Sexton,
Catherine Casella, and Florence Staudt reviewed and corrected the manu-
script each step of the way. The Chair of the St. John's University Department
of Psychology, Louis H. Primavera; the Dean of Graduate Arts and Sciences,
Paul T. Medici, and the Academic Vice-President, Barbara L. Morris, were
continuously sensitive to our needs and helped lighten our load in many
ways. Megan Missett, Aldo Tartaglini, Alicia Kaplan, and Wesley Brown,
doctoral fellows in the Department of Psychology, assisted in compiling the
indices and charts and handled much of the library work and related chores.
Members of the University Word Processing Center typed and retyped what
must have seemed an endless series of chapters, with more unfamiliar names
and accent marks than most people see in a lifetime. Finally, the depart-
mental secretaries, Helen Czanowicki and Jo Abrusci, handled many other
details related to the publication of the volume, including nurturance and
support for the editors.

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