at full flood, and where studies on rabies had already
commenced, was now added a public life not less active.
He must superintend the manufacture and the sending
out of the vaccine wherever public or private experiments
were made, must inquire into the results, details of
which were never given in sufficient number or pre-
cisely enough, must reply to the demands for information,
to the fears which preceded an experiment, to the com-
plaints which sometimes followed it. Pasteur carried
on almost all this correspondence himself. He must
also reply to criticisms and to sly attacks as well as
to those of open war. Nor were his adversaries confined
to France. Koch and his pupil, Löffler, for example,
had published against the theory and practice of vaccina-
tion some awkward and fruitless criticisms, which they
must regret to-day. In this continual strife, Bouley
made himself the champion of Pasteur and devoted
his whole spirit to the task.

Thanks to these prodigious efforts, thanks to the
precision of the results, the practice of vaccination
quickly became the custom, and when publishing, in
1894, in the Annales de l'Institut Pasteur, the statistics
on anthrax vaccination on sheep and cattle, M. Chamber-
land was able to state, that in the case of the former
a total of 3,400,000 animals had been vaccinated in
10 years with a mortality of less than 1 per cent; in the
case of the second, a total of 438,000 had been vacci-
nated with a mortality of about 3 per thousand. Finally,
he estimated the beneficial results for French agriculture
from the use of vaccines at 5,000,000 francs for sheep,
and 2,000,000 francs for cattle. It is evident that if
the laboratory had been laboriously painstaking, it was
not labor lost. It is anthrax vaccination that first
spread through the public mind faith in the science of
microbes.

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