T HESE PAPERS, among the pioneering attempts in the field, have given
direction to a significant segment of recent anthropological writing.
Kluckhohn and Murray's comment that an anthology of studies on
"culture and personality" without Sapir is like Hamlet without Hamlet
tells something of the impress of this aspect of Sapir's work.

The lead article of the section, "Cultural Anthropology and Psychiatry"
( 1932), sets the themes of the articles which follow, both those of earlier and
of later authorship. The final paper of the section, "The Emergence of the
Concept of Personality in a Study of Culture" ( 1934), can serve as a sum-
mary of Sapir's views concerning problems and program in the field of
culture-personality studies. The other articles are arranged chronologically,
in order to give some hint of the development of Sapir's ideas and interests
in this field.

Thus the excerpts from the four book reviews which appeared between 1917
and 1923 give Sapir's earlier reactions to the ideas propounded by Freud
and Rivers and Jung and his estimates of them. With "Speech as a Personal-
ity Trait" ( 1927) there is an examination, within Sapir's chosen field of
language, of the validity of the commonly made differentiation between social
and individual phenomena. Similar problems, but set in a wider field, are
considered in "The Unconscious Patterning of Behavior in Society" ( 1927),
a paper which has been termed one of Sapir's best statements of the culture-
personality nexus.

The two articles from the Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, "Person-
ality" and "Symbolism" ( 1934), present a further crystallization of his
ideas concerning personality and the interplay of personality and culture.
Sapir had participated in two colloquiums on personality investigation held
under the auspices of the American Psychiatric Association in 1928 and
in 1930. His remarks in the published proceedings of those meetings are
preliminary statements of these ideas--ideas which were also elaborated in
his seminar on culture and personality conducted at Yale in 1932-1933 for a
specially selected group of foreign fellows of the Rockefeller Foundation.

"Why Cultural Anthropology Needs the Psychiatrist" ( 1938) appeared
in a psychiatric journal, and is addressed to psychiatrists as well as to
anthropologists, for, as the last passage of the paper notes, the kind of
psychiatry which anthropology so greatly needs has not yet been evolved.

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