broader basis than any one personal experience with
dependent families, illuminating and instructive as that
case work alone would be if it could be fully analyzed
and interpreted. It so happens, further, that within
the past two years I have had some personal connec-
tion with three special inquiries, each of which reveals
certain aspects of the lives of workingmen which do
not necessarily and regularly enter into the experiences
of the charitable societies and which are yet to be
considered in any study of modern misery. I refer to
the Pittsburg Survey, carried out by the Charities
Publication Committee, to the investigation of the
Standard of Living, under the auspices of the State
Conference of Charities and Correction, and to an in-
vestigation of the need for an employment bureau in
New York City. ¹ There have been numerous other
inquiries which throw light upon our subject, but I
refer to these three because it happens to have been
my duty to be intimately in touch with them and to
know their results. I shall not attempt to present
their results in these lectures, but it is only reasonable
to point out that such views as I set forth as to the
character and causes of the misery which we encounter
in the tenements of New York and other modern com-

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