| | East Horn 23 and possibly from Ancient Egypt.24 The Hamites are of Caucasoid stem, and distinct Caucasoid elements may be noted in Watutsi physiognomy. The great physical height, c. 7 feet, of the Watutsi allies them with several other tall people, notably the Bahima of Uganda (who are also Galla descendents). Culture area, language, and race may be seen to form independent analytic categories especially with regard to the Watutsi. These people belong to the cattle complex (pastor- al activities are their most significant "means of livelihood" 25 ), their language is Bantu, 26 and racially they are of the Hamitic type. Similarly, the Mangbetu of the north Belgian Congo are an agricultural people, speak a Sudanic language, and belong to the Negro type. The categorical "maps" thus seem to overlap, while retaining inde- pendent identities, and this circumstance directs our attention to the possible shape and size of a musical "map" (i.e., musical-style map) and the kind of alignment it would have with the maps of culture area, language, and race. It is hoped that the present study will contribute to the drawing up of such a map -- a map that can only be fully completed when every tribal culture within its confines has been musically explored. ____________________ | 23 | Cf. J. Czekanowski, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1907-1908, VI, 1 ( Leipzig, 1917), Chapter 6; also G. W. B. Huntingford, Background, p. 110. | | 24 | Watutsi legends and ceremonial incantations make mention of the connection with Ancient Egypt. Furthermore, certain ceremonies involving sacred bulls (cf. Chapter III, "Initiation Ceremonies," below), the highly elaborate care given the sacred drums, the ritualistic "feeding" of these drums, as well as structur- al similarities between the lilis or goblet-shaped drum of Sumer and the footed goblet drum of the entire East African region, would seem to fortify the idea of the existence of ethnic threads between the Watutsi and ancient Mesopotamian cultures. Cf. Curt Sachs, The History of Musical Instruments ( New York, 1940), pp. 77-78. | | 25 | The Watutsi and Bahima overlords actually do no menial work of any kind. Their serfs -- the Negro Bahutu and Batwa Pygmies, with regard to the Watutsi; the Negro Bairu, with regard to the Bahima -- attend to all maintenance activities (cf. Chapter III, "Music for Entertainment," below). Cattle ownership, incidentally, is a sign of wealth, and only the overlords own cattle. The Bahutu and Bairu are basically agricultural Bantu who were conquered by the Hamites. | | 26 | The Watutsi speak the Ruanda language, which differs from the neighboring Rundi language only in dialect. Cf. Amaat Burssens, Introduction U+001F70 l'étude des langues bantoues du Congo Belge ( Antwerp, 1954), p. 25; also Clement H. Doke, Bantu, p. 13. | -7- | |