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East Horn 23 and possibly from Ancient Egypt.24 The Hamites are of Caucasoid stem,
and distinct Caucasoid elements may be noted in Watutsi physiognomy. The great
physical height, c. 7 feet, of the Watutsi allies them with several other tall people,
notably the Bahima of Uganda (who are also Galla descendents).

Culture area, language, and race may be seen to form independent analytic categories
especially with regard to the Watutsi. These people belong to the cattle complex (pastor-
al activities are their most significant "means of livelihood" 25 ), their language is
Bantu, 26 and racially they are of the Hamitic type. Similarly, the Mangbetu of the
north Belgian Congo are an agricultural people, speak a Sudanic language, and belong
to the Negro type. The categorical "maps" thus seem to overlap, while retaining inde-
pendent identities, and this circumstance directs our attention to the possible shape
and size of a musical "map" (i.e., musical-style map) and the kind of alignment it
would have with the maps of culture area, language, and race. It is hoped that the
present study will contribute to the drawing up of such a map -- a map that can only
be fully completed when every tribal culture within its confines has been musically
explored.

____________________
23 Cf. J. Czekanowski, Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1907-1908,
VI, 1 ( Leipzig, 1917), Chapter 6; also G. W. B. Huntingford, Background, p. 110.
24

Watutsi legends and ceremonial incantations make mention of the connection with Ancient Egypt.
Furthermore, certain ceremonies involving sacred bulls (cf. Chapter III, "Initiation Ceremonies," below),
the highly elaborate care given the sacred drums, the ritualistic "feeding" of these drums, as well as structur-
al similarities between the lilis or goblet-shaped drum of Sumer and the footed goblet drum of the entire
East African region, would seem to fortify the idea of the existence of ethnic threads between the Watutsi
and ancient Mesopotamian cultures. Cf. Curt Sachs, The History of Musical Instruments ( New York, 1940),
pp. 77-78.

25 The Watutsi and Bahima overlords actually do no menial work of any kind. Their serfs -- the Negro
Bahutu and Batwa Pygmies, with regard to the Watutsi; the Negro Bairu, with regard to the Bahima --
attend to all maintenance activities (cf. Chapter III, "Music for Entertainment," below). Cattle ownership,
incidentally, is a sign of wealth, and only the overlords own cattle. The Bahutu and Bairu are basically
agricultural Bantu who were conquered by the Hamites.
26 The Watutsi speak the Ruanda language, which differs from the neighboring Rundi language only in
dialect. Cf. Amaat Burssens, Introduction U+001F70 l'étude des langues bantoues du Congo Belge ( Antwerp, 1954),
p. 25; also Clement H. Doke, Bantu, p. 13.

-7-

Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com

Publication Information: Book Title: The Music of Central Africa: An Ethnomusicological Study Former French Equatorial Africa, the Former Belgian Congo, Ruanda-Urundi, Uganda, Tanganyika. Contributors: Rose Brandel - author. Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff. Place of Publication: The Hague. Publication Year: 1961. Page Number: 7.
    
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