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PLATO AS ENEMY OF THE OPEN
SOCIETY

Karl R. Popper


Totalitarian justice

The analysis of Plato's sociology makes it easy to present his
political program. His fundamental demands can be expressed in
either of two formulas, the first corresponding to his idealist theory
of change and rest, the second to his naturalism. The idealist formula
is: Arrest all political change! Change is evil, rest divine. All change
can be arrested if the state is made an exact copy of its original, i.e.,
of the Form or Idea of the city. Should it be asked how this is prac-
ticable, we can reply with the naturalistic formula: Back to nature!
Back to the original state of our forefathers, the primitive state
founded in accordance with human nature, and therefore stable; back
to the tribal patriarchy of the time before the Fall, to the natural class
rule of the wise few over the ignorant many.

I believe that nearly all the elements of Plato's political program
can be derived from these demands. They are, in turn, based upon
his historicism; and they have to be combined with his sociological
doctrines concerning the conditions for the stability of class rule. The
principal elements I have in mind are:

____________________
Karl R. Popperis Professor of Logic and Scientific Method at the
University of London. "Plato as Enemy of the Open Society" consists
of the major portion of chapters 6, 7, and 8 of his
The Open Society
and Its Enemies
( Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1950).
Copyright © 1950 by Princeton University Press. Reprinted by per-
mission of Princeton University Press. Popper's extensive footnotes
are here omitted
.

-41-

Questia, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning. www.questia.com

Publication Information: Book Title: Plato: Totalitarian or Democrat?. Contributors: Thomas Landon Thorson - editor. Publisher: Prentice Hall. Place of Publication: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Publication Year: 1963. Page Number: 41.
    
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