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ADDITNONAL NOTES
p. 11. 'almost everything . . .'--The two excellent
volumes by Thomas Watters are concerned with geographical
rather than biographical questions.
p. 13. 'category' (dharma).--It looks at first sight as though
the word dharma had a lot of disconnected meanings; but I
think that in reality they all hang together. A man's dharma
is the Law by which he lives. Thus a Brahmin's dharma (his
'duties' or 'functions') consists in sacrificing, reciting the
Vedas, and so on. The status of a man (or thing) is defined by
mentioning his dharma; so dharma comes to mean Predicate
as opposed to dharmin, Subject. As most Predicates are names
of classes--as when I say 'He (Subject) is a Brahmin (Predi-
cate)'--dharma comes to mean 'category'. Buddha's teaching
is called Dharma, because the categories correspond to the
principal topics dealt with by Buddhist dogma. The cate-
gories of Buddhist philosophy (the Hundred Dharmas,
Eighty-four Dharmas etc.) are mainly concerned with the
abstract and mental, because Buddhist philosophy was itself
concerned with the abstract and mental rather than with
individual, concrete things. The common European trans-
lation of dharma by words such as 'element', 'component',
etc., is therefore misleading.
p. 20. I use 'Vehicle' as a translation of -yāna because
it has become familiar; the original sense was something
more like 'Career'.
p. 25. p'ing-t'u does not mean 'level road', but is an idiom
expressing the depth of snow on the road.
pp. 25. I think it is better not to try to etymologize
the name of the Sharaka monastery. For an identification of
the site, see D. Meunié, "'Le couvent des ôtages . . . de
Kanishka'", Journal Asiatique, 1943-45, pp. 151-162.

For Cīna = Serindia = Han, see the itinerary in Rāmā-
yana, Book IV, where Cina and Aparacina ('further China')
appear to mean Serindia and China, and the corresponding

-267-

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Publication Information: Book Title: The Real Tripitaka: And Other Pieces. Contributors: Arthur Waley - author. Publisher: Allen and Unwin. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1952. Page Number: 267.
    
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