For general background on organization cultures, refer to Andrew M. Pettigrew , "On Studying Organizational Cultures," Administrative Science Quarterly, December 1979; "The Creations of Organizational Cultures," paper presented to the joint Eiasm-Dansk Management Center Research Seminar on Entrepreneurs and the Process of Institution Building Copenhagen, 18-20 May 1976; "Understanding Organizational Cul- tures, " Administrative Science Quarterly, December 1979; and Meryl Reis Louis , A Cultural Perspective on Organizations," unpublished paper, Naval Post Graduate School, 1980.
2.
The NCR story was taken from S. C. Allyn, My Half Century at NCR ( New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967).
3.
Marvin Bower's definition of culture was taken, with some poetic license, from his book The Will to Manage ( New York: McGraw-Hill 1966).
4.
The primary source we have used for general input on the beliefs and values of many companies--IBM, GE, DuPont, P&G, etc.--are company publications and statements, particularly annual reports, quarterly state- ments, internal magazines, and speeches to analysts published in the Wall Street Transcript.
5.
Our ideas originated in research on educational organizations, as well as in businesses. A major tributary to our work was the research of The Environment for Teaching program, Stanford's Educational Center for Research and Development in Teaching (now The Center for Research at
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Publication Information: Book Title: Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life. Contributors: Terrence E. Deal - author, Allan A. Kennedy - author. Publisher: Perseus Books (Current Publisher: Perseus Publishing). Place of Publication: Cambridge, MA. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 210.
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