Byzantine Empire
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
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...Africa, and Sicily from the empire. Heracliuss attempt to reconcile...saved Constantinople from Arab attack. The 7th cent. was...increasing Hellenization of the empire, outwardly symbolized by the...empire was again menaced by Arabs and Bulgars, but the Isaurian...and Constantine V stopped the Arab advance and recovered Asia...