arguments and deduction - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library

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Natural Deduction: The Logical Basis of Axiom Systems

Book by John M. Anderson, Henry W. Johnstone Jr.; Wadsworth Publishing, 1962

Subjects:

Logic, Symbolic And Mathematical, Metamathematics

Collections: Philosophy, Entire Library

...in justifying steps in a deduction. A derivation of the rule...anticipation of many similar arguments in Part Two. * The derived...abbreviations for all specific deductions of a certain form. Fortunately...to present these specific deductions in a single deduction schema. Hence, the formulation...
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Kant's Theory of Knowledge: An Outline of One Central Argument in the Critique of Pure Reason

Book by Graham Bird; Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962

Subjects:

Kant, Immanuel--1724-1804--Contributions in theory of knowledge, Kant, Immanuel--1724-1804--Kritik der praktischen Vernunft--English

Collections: Philosophy, Entire Library

...argument in the Metaphysical Deduction, however, it is enough...judgment-forms. 1 The argument in the Metaphysical Deduction...severe criticism. But if the argument is measured by such standards...that is important in the argument may be missed. Moreover...leave nothing for the later arguments in the Transcendental Deduction...
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The Uses of Argument

Book by Stephen Toulmin; Cambridge University Press, 2003

Subjects:

Logic, Reasoning

Collections: Philosophy, Entire Library

...stages in presentation of argument, 19 21;in substantial and analytic arguments, 116 18; and universal...cases, and canons of legal argument, 15 16 criteria, for use...101 2; and patterns of arguments, 91 5; and universal premisses, 106 deduction: and analytic syllogisms...
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The Uses of Argument

Book by Stephen Edelston Toulmin; Cambridge University Press, 1969

Subjects:

Logic, Reasoning

Collections: Philosophy, Entire Library

...deduce, deductive and deduction, is applied to arguments from many fields; all that...we may properly speak of deductions. A regular prediction...this sense an unquestionable deduction; and so long as Sherlock...that he too has been making deductions -- unless one has just been...
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Manifest Rationality: A Pragmatic Theory of Argument

Book by Ralph H. Johnson; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000

Subjects:

Reasoning

Collections: Philosophy, Entire Library

...inference, implication, and argument, such problems can properly be referred to the theory of deduction, where they belong. So...All this sets the theory of arguments apart from Formal Logic and...separating FDL from the theory of argument. Why not make the break...pursue the features that give arguments this additional dimension...

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Denial of Contingent Liability Loss Deduction

Journal article by Edward J. Schnee; Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 203, 2007

Subjects:

Contingent liabilities (Accounting)--Laws, regulations and rules, Internal Revenue Code--I.R.C. 357, Loss deductions--Laws, regulations and rules

Collections: Entire Library

...Contingent Liability Loss Deduction. by Edward J. Schnee Although...The service presented two arguments against the loss deduction. The first was a technical argument involving the interaction...The second was a general argument about whether the transaction...rejected the governments argument because the section does...
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The Accidental Deduction: A History and Critique of the Tax Subsidy for Mortgage Interest

Journal article by Dennis J. Ventry Jr.; Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 73, 2010

Subjects:

Interest deductions--Laws, regulations and rules, Mortgages--Taxation, Tax expenditures--Laws, regulations and rules

Collections: History, Entire Library

...13 billion through the standard deduction and $21 billion through itemized deductions, including the personal interest deduction which ranked as the third most expensive...reformers to seek repeal of the standard deduction and to limit all itemized deductions to expenses exceeding some percentage...
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Suitable for Framing: Business Deductions in a Net Income Tax System

Journal article by David I. Walker; William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 52, 2011

Subjects:

Corporate governance--Laws, regulations and rules, Corporate income taxes--Laws, regulations and rules, Internal Revenue Code--I.R.C. 162, Tax deductions--Laws, regulations and rules, Tax expenditures--Laws, regulations and rules, Tax penalties--Laws, regulations and rules

Collections: Entire Library

...solely on the deduction, it appears...arguing that deductions such as these...such a nuanced argument in a sound...proposing to disallow deductions for stock option...a disallowed deduction and a direct...but the primary argument of this Section...that denying a deduction is a particularly...Griswold, An Argument Against the Doctrine that Deductions Should Be Narrowly...
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P&G Appeals Deduction Denial

Journal article by Jean T. Wells; Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 207, 2009

Subjects:

Tax appeals--Laws, regulations and rules, Tax deductions--Laws, regulations and rules, Tax returns--Laws, regulations and rules, Transfer pricing--Laws, regulations and rules

Collections: Entire Library

P G Appeals Deduction Denial. by Jean T. Wells...which is based on a chimed deduction of more than $362 million...The court rejected P Gs argument that the government waived...at the judicial level its argument that P G miscalculated CTI...APT. P G requested oval arguments, which had not been scheduled...
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Equitable Owner Equals Deduction

Journal article by Charles J. Reichert; Journal of Accountancy, Vol. 206, 2008

Subjects:

Mortgages--Taxation, Property tax--Laws, regulations and rules, Property taxes--Laws, regulations and rules, Tax deductions--Laws, regulations and rules

Collections: Entire Library

...163-1(b) permits a deduction for interest paid on a mortgage...brother--thus denying deductions for interest and property...mortgage and property tax deductions for 2003, causing the taxpayers...The IRS argued that no deduction for interest and taxes should...The court rejected both arguments, holding Njenge and Rachel...

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Sustaining a Deduction for Reasonable Compensation

Magazine article by Charles A. Barragato; The CPA Journal, Vol. 61, May 1991

Subjects:

Compensation, Corporate tax planning, Dividends, Tax controversies, Tax court decisions, Tax deductions, United States

Collections: Entire Library

...practitioner may find arguments to fortify a compensation...support a compensation deduction. Compensation determined...automatically taint a deduction for compensation...operations. When making an argument for the accumulation...where compensation deductions were in fact reasonable...calculate compensation deductions, the practitioner...repayment generates a deduction to the employee...
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Marital Deduction Unavailable to Non-marital Trust

Magazine article; The CPA Journal, Vol. 63, March 1993

Subjects:

98 TC 47, Estate administration, Estate taxes, Executors, IRS disallowance, Impacts, Internal Revenue Code, Marital deductions, Qualified Terminable Interest Property, Section 2056(B)(7), Tax court decisions, United States

Collections: Entire Library

...claimed an estate tax marital deduction in the amount of $27.7...2 million). The marital deduction, together with other deductions claimed, resulted in an...IRS disallowed the marital deduction for the two residuary marital...persuaded by the petitioners argument that, under Arkansas law...
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Depreciation Deductions Allowed on Antique Musical Instruments Used in a Trade or Business

Magazine article by Gloria Vollmers, Steven C. Colburn, Ted D. Englebrecht; The CPA Journal, Vol. 67, November 1997

Subjects:

103 TC 247, 103 TC 285, Depreciable assets, Musical instruments, Tax court decisions, Tax deductions, United States

Collections: Entire Library

...to that use, depreciation deductions were appropriate. An expert...IRS provided two primary arguments that the taxpayers were not entitled to depreciation deductions: 1) The bows had indeterminate...precluded taking a depreciation deduction was the inability of the...productive assets through annual deductions. The contention by the IRS...
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Deduction for Accrued Interest on Deferred Compensation Allowed

Magazine article; The CPA Journal, Vol. 64, April 1994

Subjects:

Deferred compensation, Federal court decisions, Interest, Internal Revenue Code, Section 404, Tax deductions, United States

Collections: Entire Library

Deduction for Accrued Interest on Deferred Compensation...the Court allowed the taxpayer a deduction for interest accrued on a deferred...compensation. The Court rejected these arguments. It held, "a legal right to possession...Secs. 162 and 212. Since interest deductions are covered by Sec. 163, the Sec...
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Deduction for Accrued Interest on Deferred Compensation Allowed

Magazine article; The CPA Journal, Vol. 64, April 1994

Subjects:

Deferred compensation, Federal court decisions, Interest, Internal Revenue Code, Section 404, Tax deductions, United States

Collections: Entire Library

Deduction for Accrued Interest on Deferred Compensation...the Court allowed the taxpayer a deduction for interest accrued on a deferred...compensation. The Court rejected these arguments. It held, "a legal right to possession...Secs. 162 and 212. Since interest deductions are covered by Sec. 163, the Sec...

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Bin Laden Dead, Say Powers of Deduction; No Hard Evidence, but Belief Grows

Newspaper article; The Washington Times, September 30, 2002

Subjects:

Al-Qaeda, bin Laden, Osama

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

Bin Laden dead, say powers of deduction; No hard evidence, but belief grows...the assessment is based on rational deduction, not hard evidence. Interviews with...the Saudi exile since December. The arguments that bin Laden is dead: *Bin Laden...Laden s death than his life. This argument goes that if bin Laden did die in the...
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HOW 5 HOURS IN COURT IS TURNING POINT FOR REDS; LUKE TRAYNOR at the High Court in London: Legal Argument Includes Blast at 'Arrogant' Pair

Newspaper article; Liverpool Echo (Liverpool, England), October 13, 2010

Subjects:

Banking industry, Gillett, George N., Jr., Hicks, Thomas O. (American businessperson), Royal Bank of Scotland PLC

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

...TRAYNOR at the High Court in London: Legal Argument Includes Blast at Arrogant Pair. Byline...After almost five hours of complex argument, it was ruled that a decision on the...the club (administration and points deduction)? "This isnt a simple property transaction...
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Economic Evidence Supports City Income Tax for Schools

Newspaper article; The Register-Guard (Eugene, OR), April 3, 2011

Subjects:

Income tax--Analysis, School districts--Analysis, Tax deductions--Analysis, Tax law--Analysis

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

...vote on the temporary city income tax, Measure 20-182, for Eugene and Bethel school districts on May 17. Many strong arguments have been voiced, but unfortunately much misinformation has been circulating as well. For example, these tax revenues would...
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Flat-Tax Primer; It Just Makes Good Sense

Newspaper article; The Washington Times, September 20, 2005

Subjects:

Income tax, Tax deductions, Tax law, Tax policy

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

...federal tax code, filled as it is with deductions, credits, exemptions, brackets and...updated, comprehensive and convincing argument for it. Congressional efforts to reform...even though virtually all present deductions (such as home mortgage interest...Forbes devotes several pages to critics arguments and answers each clearly and concisely...
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Looking at a Healthy Housing Bust

Newspaper article; Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), May 22, 2011

Subjects:

Dwellings, House construction, Housing, Residential construction

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

...Eventually, no mortgage interest should be deductible. (Ignore the screams, and arguments, from the real estate interests.) There is no mortgage-interest deduction in Canada, and rates of homeownership there are comparable to ours, and the...

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Induction , in Logic

Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

...logic in logic , a form of argument in which the premises give...Induction is contrasted with deduction , in which true premises...principles already known (deduction), new hypotheses are formulated...different kinds of inductive argument (see Nelson Goodman ; Sir...classic account of inductive arguments see J. S. Mill, System...
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Science

Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009

Collections: Religious Studies, Education, Psychology, History, Literature, Philosophy, Entire Library

...by further observations and experiments (see induction ; deduction ). If the conclusions drawn from the original hypothesis...than circular; and the writings of Galileo, who based his arguments on his own mechanical theories and observations with the newly...

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Books: 1,556

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Books on: arguments and deduction

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