Palestine , Region, Asia
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
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...Seleucid Antiochus IV (Antiochus Epiphanes) to impose Hellenism brought a Jewish revolt under the Maccabees , who set up...in 614 by the Persians. It was recovered briefly by the Byzantine Romans, but fell to the Muslim Arabs under caliph Umar...The Fatimids had many enemies the Seljuks, Karmatians, Byzantines, and Bedouins and Palestine became a battlefield. Under...