Pastel
Encyclopedia article; The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2009
...Quentin de La Tour and Vigee-Lebrun, and in the 19th cent. by Degas, Manet, Toulouse-Lautrec, Whistler, and Cassatt. In the 20th...Matisse was a master of pastel. Pastels are often classified as paintings, although the medium lends itself to the more direct and spontaneous...