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Born Thomas Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie in 1762 to an enslaved black woman and a white French nobleman, the young Thomas-Alexandre spent his first fourteen years on the island of Saint Domingue. Following his mother's death, Alexandre joined his father in Normandy in 1776. Later, he moved to ...

Born Thomas Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie in 1762 to an enslaved black woman and a white French nobleman, the young Thomas-Alexandre spent his first fourteen years on the island of Saint Domingue. Following his mother's death, Alexandre joined his father in Normandy in 1776. Later, he moved to Paris alone. In 1786, after losing financial support for his free Parisian life, Alexandre enlisted as a private in the French army under his mother's name - Dumas. Had his mother been white, he would have inherited his father's title and noble status; and if he had chosen military service, he would have entered the army with a commission. Quickly, Dumas earned a reputation for bravery. As a private in the cavalry, he embraced the ideas of the Revolution, becoming a steadfast republican early on and remaining so while serving in Bonaparte's army. From his rank of corporal in the newly formed Black Legion in 1792, he received a series of quick promotions until he reached the highest rank in the French army. He also became a favorite of Napoleon Bonaparte, who held him in high esteem and trusted him with important missions. In 1799, however, Dumas left Egypt when Napoleon wanted him to remain with the army. This plunged Dumas deeply into the dungeon of Napoleon's disfavor. Later he was literally imprisoned in southern Italy until 1801. "Napoleon never forgave Dumas", Gallaher notes, "and even continued to punish his wife and children after his death". The study of Alexandre Dumas's life is also the study of race relations in Revolutionary France. Gallaher points out that before the Revolution, being half black was a hindrance to Dumas, a benefit in the middle of the Revolution when he was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and a nonfactor later in his career when he was promoted to general.

This book analyzes--in terms of branching--the pervasive reorganization of Latin syntactic and morphological structures: in the development from Latin to French, a shift can be observed from the archaic, left-branching structures (which Latin inherited from Proto-Indo-European) to modern ...

This book analyzes--in terms of branching--the pervasive reorganization of Latin syntactic and morphological structures: in the development from Latin to French, a shift can be observed from the archaic, left-branching structures (which Latin inherited from Proto-Indo-European) to modern right-branching equivalents. Brigitte Bauer presents a detailed analysis of this development based on the theoretical discussion and definition of "branching" and "head." Subsequently she relates the diachronic shift to psycholinguistic evidence, arguing that the difficulty of LB complex structures as reflected in their painstaking and delayed acquisition accounts for the extensive typological shift from left to right branching that took place in Latin/French and the other Indo-European languages.

The French and Indian War was but the American front of a much larger war taking place in Europe, the outcome of which had significant consequences for both North America and the world. An excellent introduction to the study of this pivotal war, this volume includes primary documents, biographical ...

The French and Indian War was but the American front of a much larger war taking place in Europe, the outcome of which had significant consequences for both North America and the world. An excellent introduction to the study of this pivotal war, this volume includes primary documents, biographical sketches of major figures, an annotated bibliography, and a thorough index, all of which round out this user-friendly, to-the-point reference guide.