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This book, the first major survey on the subject in more than a decade, catalogues management attempts to overcome constraints imposed by external institutional and sociopolitical factors, and internal labor and resource problems. It combines practical and academic insights into the critical issues ...

This book, the first major survey on the subject in more than a decade, catalogues management attempts to overcome constraints imposed by external institutional and sociopolitical factors, and internal labor and resource problems. It combines practical and academic insights into the critical issues of transit management, offering both up-to-date primary and secondary data, and a historical overview of the evolution of transit policies.

This book is about the policymaking of public agencies in large American cities. Based on a decade of research, it studies urban mass transit in terms of the factors that bias the industry's policy outcomes to benefit one public or another. Why is there a great variance of outcomes among agencies? ...

This book is about the policymaking of public agencies in large American cities. Based on a decade of research, it studies urban mass transit in terms of the factors that bias the industry's policy outcomes to benefit one public or another. Why is there a great variance of outcomes among agencies? What are the important taproots of bias in policymaking? How does the pattern of outcomes correspond to the American mosaic of public interests?

The book's second -- broader and more important -- purpose is to demonstrate the value of social science theory in making sense of urban processes and the responsiveness of governmental policymaking in a plural society. The book analyzes the applicability of six rival theses -- derived from political science, economics, administrative theory, sociology, social psychology, and urban planning -- to understanding the forces that mold policymaking in American metropolitan areas.

The book employs methods of rigorous quantitative analysis, such as regression, factor, and path techniques, to examine 42 transit agencies operating in urban areas with populations of at least 500,000. Focusing on the question of bias in an agency's policies, the author devises an imaginative method for comparing different kinds of policy outcomes in a neutral light. The model, "Multiple Simultaneous Outcome Indices, " allows the analyst to observe differences in emphasis of one perspective relative to another.

How and why do urban agencies differ in the emphases of their policy outcomes? At the root of the answers is globalization, but the author argues that certain local influences within an urban setting exert a more direct effect on policy outcomes. These influencesinclude socioeconomic status, wealth and racial poverty, intergovernmental relationships, market competition between automobiles and transit, and the way cities are laid out (including the effects of sprawl). In the end, the bo

Addressing the chronic underestimation of capital and operating costs in urban transportation projects, this book provides a detailed analysis of the cost estimating process using case studies from three U.S. cities and outlines a practical framework for this process. The work goes beyond a simple ...

Addressing the chronic underestimation of capital and operating costs in urban transportation projects, this book provides a detailed analysis of the cost estimating process using case studies from three U.S. cities and outlines a practical framework for this process. The work goes beyond a simple quantitative approach to explaining cost underestimation and looks at the planning process as a tool for both argumentation and structuring the argumentation. This approach highlights the difficulties in several components of the estimating process and suggests specific and practical actions to address these problems.