1.
Garvey, Marcus
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......establish the greatness of the African heritage. The organization...race, he urged a "back to Africa" movement. In Africa, he said, an autonomous...would serve members of the African diaspora, the Black Star...in relative obscurity.See Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey......
2.
Luthuli, Albert John
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......ləthōō´lē), 1898?–1967, African political leader in the Republic of South Africa. Descended from a line...politically. In 1946 he joined the African National Congress (ANC...presidency of the ANC, the South African government deposed him...some criticism of his passive philosophy, he was ......
3.
Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......In 1893 he went to South Africa, where he was later joined...Indian minority. In South Africa he read widely, drawing inspiration...Thoreau, and his personal philosophy underwent significant changes...and shawl. While in South Africa he organized (1907) his...an agreement from the South ......
4.
Schweitzer, Albert
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Gabon (then in French Equatorial Africa). Except for frequent trips...1925, tr.1931) and From My African Notebook (1936, tr. 1938). Schweitzer's philosophy is developed in Philosophy of Civilization (The Decay and......
5.
Harlem Renaissance
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......to describe a flowering of African-American literature and art...During the mass migration of African Americans from the rural agricultural...and urged racial pride among African Americans, and Opportunity...L. Harris, ed., The Philosophy of Alain Locke: Harlem Renaissance......
6.
Cambridge, University of
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......economics and politics, history, law, philosophy, education, engineering, earth sciences...land economy, and the history and philosophy of science as well as a computer laboratory...university. There are also centers for African, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and......
7.
Rustin, Bayard
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...Bayard Rustin, 1910–87, African-American civil-rights leader, b...a key figure in the struggle for African-American civil rights. As special...King's movement with the Gandhian philosophy of nonviolence (see Gandhi, Mohandas......
8.
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......activities, first in the South and later nationwide. His philosophy of nonviolent resistance led to his arrest on numerous occasions...The following year King and the SCLC led a campaign for African-American voter registration centered on Selma, Ala. A......
9.
religion
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......second type of religion, represented by many Oceanic and African tribal beliefs, includes momentary deities (a tree suddenly...Ferm, Encyclopedia of Religion (1959); J. Hick, The Philosophy of Religion (1963); J. de Vries, The Study of Religion......
10.
Davis, Angela Yvonne
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...Angela Yvonne Davis, 1944–, African-American political activist, b. Birmingham, Ala. She taught philosophy (1969–70) at the Univ. of California, Los Angeles, until she was finally denied reappointment because of her membership......