1.
Basques
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......about 2 million Basques in the three Basque provs. and Navarre...rights enjoyed by the Basques. Guernica was the...traditional location of Basque assemblies.With...cultural autonomy, but Basque nationalism retained its appeal to the Basques, and they continued......
2.
Basque language
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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...Basque language, tongue of uncertain relationship...language has eight dialects. Speakers of Basque are for the most part bilingual, and there are many Basques who do not speak the language. Basque is definitely not an Indo-European tongue......
3.
Basque Country
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......largely inhabited by Basques: Spanish Navarre and...is the largest Basque city and one of the...Guernica. Although Basque was recognized as...region in 1978, most Basques speak French or Spanish...up to 1936, see Basques. Shortly after the...provinces autonomy. The Basque nationalist ......
4.
Saint-Jean-de-Luz
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......181), Pyrénées-Atlantiques dept., SW France, in the Basque Provinces (see Basques), on the Bay of Biscay. It is a beach resort with a casino...Austria there. Saint-Jean-de-Luz has a 16th-century Basque church....
5.
Navarre
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......and western Navarre is largely of Basque stock, and the early history of the region is that of the Basques. The pass of Roncesvalles, which...778, was short-lived. In 824 the Basque chieftain Iñigo Aritza was chosen......
6.
Spain
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Navarre, with the city of Pamplona; the Basque Country, with the ports of Bilbao and San...particularly strong among the Catalans and the Basques. Castilian is the standard Spanish language...Galician (akin to Portuguese), and Basque, unrelated to any other language, are......
7.
Gascony
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......was inhabited by the Vascones, or Basques, who since prehistoric times had...region SW of the Adour, where the Basque language and customs have persisted...duchy's borders fluctuated as the Basques fought the Visigoths, the Franks......
8.
Béarn
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......the capital in the 15th cent. The Bearnese are related to the Basques but speak French. Béarn was part of Roman Aquitania. It...XIII annexed it as an anti-Protestant measure. With the Basque districts of French or Lower Navarre, it became a French province......
9.
Guernica
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......town (1990 pop. 16,422), Vizcaya prov., N Spain, in the Basque region. It has metallurgical, furniture, and food manufacturers...Vizcaya used to meet, is a symbol of the lost liberties of the Basques. In Apr., 1937, German planes, aiding the insurgents in......
10.
Pamplona
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The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed., 2013
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......Univ. of Navarre (1952) is there. An ancient city of the Basques, it was repeatedly captured (5th–9th cent.) by the Visigoths...razed its walls—exercised control for long. In 824 the Basque kingdom of Pamplona, later called the kingdom of Navarre......